Tariffsof 1828
Significance
The Tariff of 1828 is often called the "Tariff of Abominations" because critics, especially in the Southern states, considered it an abomination. This tariff, designed to protect emerging domestic industries, significantly raised the cost of imported goods, sometimes by as much as 50 percent.
While manufacturers in the Middle and Northeastern states and farmers in the Western states supported the tariff, Southern cotton plantation owners, who relied heavily on trade with Great Britain, opposed it. [Southern cotton plantation owners] feared that Britain might retaliate by imposing similarly high tariffs on American commodities. Southern states hoped that Andrew Jackson's election would change the tariff, but he continued it to pay the national debt.
In 1828, South Carolinian and Vice President, John C. Calhoun ... anonymously published the “South Carolina Exposition and Protest,” a paper which argued that the federal union was voluntary and that states had the right to reject laws that did not serve their interests. Calhoun’s “Exposition” incorporated Thomas Jefferson’s doctrine of nullification.
[The] Tariff of 1828 also ... triggered the Nullification Crisis [of 1832 - 1833].
Sources:
Tariff of 1828
Why was the Tariff of 1828 also called the 'Tariff of Abominations'?
Britannica.com
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tariff-of-1828
Tariff of 1828
Britannica.com
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tariff-of-1828
South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828)
Harry Searles
American History Central: The Encyclopedia of American History
American History Central
https://www.americanhistorycentral.com/entries/south-carolina-exposition-and-protest/
The Nullification Crisis
By: Elise Stevens Wilson
The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/lesson-plan/nullification-crisis
Background
...Ever since the Constitutional Convention of 1787, northerners and southerners had fought over slavery and tariffs. Each region wanted to make sure their economies were protected in the new Union. Several times states threatened to leave the Constitutional Convention and abandon the writing of the Constitution. By the end of the Convention, both sides had made significant compromises to the Constitution such as the three-fifths clause, the fugitive slave clause, and Article 1, Section 8, which allowed Congress to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises. These compromises were shaky. Neither side was truly pleased with the results.
Forty-one years later, in 1828, the issue of tariffs surfaced again....
...The Tariff of 1828 was different, however, because its rates were higher than any previously enacted. For example, the duty on hemp was $35 per ton before the Tariff of 1828; with its passage, the tax increased to $45 per ton and was scheduled to continue to rise incrementally to $60 per ton by 1831. Wool faced a similarly scheduled increase, from 30 to 50 percent by 1830.
Sources:
The Nullification Crisis
By: Elise Stevens Wilson
The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/lesson-plan/nullification-crisis
Tariff of 1828
Britannica.com
Summary
...The Tariff of 1828 was intended to protect burgeoning domestic industries by inflating the cost of imported goods by as much as 50 percent, making Americans less likely to buy foreign products and giving an advantage to their domestic counterparts. The Tariff of 1828 was desired by manufacturers in Middle and Northeastern states, as well as by farmers in Western states. But cotton plantation owners in Southern states, who were heavily dependent upon trade with Great Britain, considered it an abomination, and critics branded it the “Tariff of Abominations.” Southern agricultural producers feared that Britain might impose a similarly steep retaliatory tariff on American commodities....
States that generally supported the Tariff of 1828 included New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Kentucky. Southern states nearly unanimously opposed the measure, along with parts of New England, because the act also raised duties on raw materials that New England states needed.
...[T]he tariff passed with close votes of 105–94 in the House and 26–21 in the Senate.
Source:
Tariff of 1828
Britannica.com
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